The past participle in Spanish is, together with the infinitive and the gerund, a non-personal form of verbs. This means that it is not conjugated with the subject's personal pronouns like verbs such as hablar, comer, etc.
Past Participle Usages
Rule 1. Among the past participle's uses is to pair it with compound tenses and the verb haber. Below, you can see examples with the most common compound tenses.
- pretérito perfecto
- pretérito pluscuamperfecto
- futuro perfecto
- condicional perfecto
Rule 2. They can also be used as adjectives.
Past Participle Form
As a general rule, the past participle is formed as follows:
Rule 3. Add -ado to the stem of verbs ending in -ar.
Rule 4. Add -ido to the stem of verbs ending in -er/- ir.
Rule 4. When using them as adjectives, you must also consider the agreement in number and gender.
Rule 5. The following verbs have irregular participle forms:
| Verb in Infinitive Form | Verb in Past Participle |
|---|---|
| abrir | abierto |
| cubrir | cubierto |
| decir | dicho |
| escribir | escrito |
| hacer | hecho |
| morir | muerto |
| poner | puesto |
| romper | roto |
| volver | vuelto |
| ver | visto |
Quiz
1/3He ____________ (cocinar) toda una cena para ti.